============== Crash Reporter ============== Overview ======== The **crash reporter** is a subsystem to record and manage application crash data. While the subsystem is known as *crash reporter*, it helps to think of it more as a *process dump manager*. This is because the heart of this subsystem is really managing process dump files and these files are created not only from process crashes but also from hangs and other exceptional events. The crash reporter subsystem is composed of a number of pieces working together. Breakpad Breakpad is a library and set of tools to make collecting process information (notably dumps from crashes) easy. Breakpad is a 3rd party project (originaly developed by Google) that is imported into the tree. Dump files Breakpad produces files called *dump files* that hold process data (stacks, heap data, etc). Crash Reporter Client The crash reporter client is a standalone executable that is launched to handle dump files. This application optionally submits crashes to Mozilla (or the configured server). Minidump Analyzer The minidump analyzer is a standalone executable that is launched by the crash reporter client or by the browser itself to extract stack traces from the dump files generated during a crash. It appends the stack traces to the .extra file associated with the crash dump. Ping Sender The ping sender is a standalone executable that is launched by the crash reporter client to deliver a crash ping to our telemetry servers. The ping sender is used to speed up delivery of the crash ping which would otherwise have to wait for Firefox to be restarted in order to be sent. How Main-Process Crash Handling Works ===================================== The crash handler is hooked up very early in the Gecko process lifetime. It all starts in ``XREMain::XRE_mainInit()`` from ``nsAppRunner.cpp``. Assuming crash reporting is enabled, this startup function registers an exception handler for the process and tells the crash reporter subsystem about basic metadata such as the application name and version. The registration of the crash reporter exception handler doubles as initialization of the crash reporter itself. This happens in ``CrashReporter::SetExceptionHandler()`` from ``nsExceptionHandler.cpp``. The crash reporter figures out what application to use for reporting dumped crashes and where to store these dump files on disk. The Breakpad exception handler (really just a mechanism for dumping process state) is initialized as part of this function. The Breakpad exception handler is a ``google_breakpad::ExceptionHandler`` instance and it's stored as ``gExceptionHandler``. As the application runs, various other systems may write *annotations* or *notes* to the crash reporter to indicate state of the application, help with possible reasons for a current or future crash, etc. These are performed via ``CrashReporter::AnnotateCrashReport()`` and ``CrashReporter::AppendAppNotesToCrashReport()`` from ``nsExceptionHandler.h``. For well running applications, this is all that happens. However, if a crash or similar exceptional event occurs (such as a hang), we need to write a crash report. When an event worthy of writing a dump occurs, the Breakpad exception handler is invoked and Breakpad does its thing. When Breakpad has finished, it calls back into ``CrashReporter::MinidumpCallback()`` from ``nsExceptionHandler.cpp`` to tell the crash reporter about what was written. ``MinidumpCallback()`` performs a number of actions once a dump has been written. It writes a file with the time of the crash so other systems can easily determine the time of the last crash. It supplements the dump file with an *extra* file containing Mozilla-specific metadata. This data includes the annotations set via ``CrashReporter::AnnotateCrashReport()`` as well as time since last crash, whether garbage collection was active at the time of the crash, memory statistics, etc. If the *crash reporter client* is enabled, ``MinidumpCallback()`` invokes it. It simply tries to create a new *crash reporter client* process (e.g. *crashreporter.exe*) with the path to the written minidump file as an argument. The *crash reporter client* performs a number of roles. There's a lot going on, so you may want to look at ``main()`` in ``crashreporter.cpp``. First, stack traces are extracted from the dump via the *minidump analyzer* tool. The resulting traces are appended to the .extra file of the crash together with the SHA256 hash of the minidump file. Once this is done a crash ping is assembled holding the same information as the one generated by the ```CrashManager``` and it's sent to the telemetry servers via the *ping sender* program. The UUID of the ping is then stored in the extra file; the ```CrashManager``` will later pick it up and generate a new ping with the same UUID so that the telemetry server can deduplicate both pings. Then, the *crash reporter client* verifies that the dump data is sane. If it isn't (e.g. required metadata is missing), the dump data is ignored. If dump data looks sane, the dump data is moved into the *pending* directory for the configured data directory (defined via the ``MOZ_CRASHREPORTER_DATA_DIRECTORY`` environment variable or from the UI). Once this is done, the main crash reporter UI is displayed via ``UIShowCrashUI()``. The crash reporter UI is platform specific: there are separate versions for Windows, OS X, and various \*NIX presentation flavors (such as GTK). The basic gist is a dialog is displayed to the user and the user has the opportunity to submit this dump data to a remote server. If a dump is submitted via the crash reporter, the raw dump files are removed from the *pending* directory and a file containing the crash ID from the remote server for the submitted dump is created in the *submitted* directory. If the user chooses not to submit a dump in the crash reporter UI, the dump files are deleted. And that's pretty much what happens when a crash/dump is written! Plugin and Child Process Crashes ================================ Crashes in plugin and child processes are also managed by the crash reporting subsystem. Child process crashes are handled by the ``mozilla::dom::CrashReporterParent`` class defined in ``dom/ipc``. When a child process crashes, the toplevel IPDL actor should check for it by calling TakeMinidump in its ``ActorDestroy`` Method: see ``mozilla::plugins::PluginModuleParent::ActorDestroy`` and ``mozilla::plugins::PluginModuleParent::ProcessFirstMinidump``. That method is responsible for calling ``mozilla::dom::CrashReporterParent::GenerateCrashReportForMinidump`` with appropriate crash annotations specific to the crash. All child-process crashes are annotated with a ``ProcessType`` annotation, such as "content" or "plugin". Once the minidump file has been generated the ``mozilla::dom::CrashReporterHost`` is notified of the crash. It will first try to extract the stack traces from the minidump file using the *minidump analyzer*. Then the stack traces will be stored in the extra file together with the rest of the crash annotations and finally the crash will be recorded by calling ```CrashService.addCrash()```. This last step adds the crash to the ```CrashManager``` database and automatically sends a crash ping with information about the crash. Submission of child process crashes is handled by application code. This code prompts the user to submit crashes in context-appropriate UI and then submits the crashes using ``CrashSubmit.jsm``. Memory Reports ============== When a process detects that it is running low on memory, a memory report is saved. If the process crashes, the memory report will be included with the crash report. ``nsThread::SaveMemoryReportNearOOM()`` checks to see if the process is low on memory every 30 seconds at most and saves a report every 3 minutes at most. Since a child process cannot actually save to the hard drive, it instead notifies its parent process, which saves the report for it. If a crash does occur, the memory report is moved to the *pending* directory with the other dump data and an annotation is added to indicate the presence of the report. This happens in ``nsExceptionHandler.cpp``, but occurs in different functions depending on what process crashed. When the main process crashes, this happens in ``MinidumpCallback()``. When a child process crashes, it happens in ``OnChildProcessDumpRequested()``, with the annotation being added in ``WriteExtraData()``. Flash Process Crashes ===================== On Windows Vista+, the Adobe Flash plugin creates two extra processes in its Firefox plugin to implement OS-level sandboxing. In order to catch crashes in these processes, Firefox injects a crash report handler into the process using the code at ``InjectCrashReporter.cpp``. When these crashes occur, the ProcessType=plugin annotation is present, and an additional annotation FlashProcessDump has the value "Sandbox" or "Broker". Plugin Hangs ============ Plugin hangs are handled as crash reports. If a plugin doesn't respond to an IPC message after 60 seconds, the plugin IPC code will take minidumps of all of the processes involved and then kill the plugin. In this case, there will be only one .ini file with the crash report metadata, but there will be multiple dump files: at least one for the browser process and one for the plugin process, and perhaps also additional dumps for the Flash sandbox and broker processes. All of these files are submitted together as a unit. Before submission, the filenames of the files are linked: - **uuid.ini** - *annotations, includes an additional_minidumps field* - **uuid.dmp** - *plugin process dump file* - **uuid-.dmp** - *other process dump file as listed in additional_minidumps* Browser Hangs ============= There is a feature of Firefox that will crash Firefox if it stops processing messages after a certain period of time. This feature doesn't work well and is disabled by default. See ``xpcom/threads/HangMonitor.cpp``. Hang crashes are annotated with ``Hang=1``. about:crashes ============= If the crash reporter subsystem is enabled, the *about:crashes* page will be registered with the application. This page provides information about previous and submitted crashes. It is also possible to submit crashes from *about:crashes*.